Analysis of the Use of Tenses, Modal Verbs, and Constructions in Polish and English Languages

The article evaluates sentence construction rules using tenses, modal verbs, and constructions in Polish and English. As we know, language is a national phenomenon characterized by typological features that distinguish it from others. However, due to the influence of history and constant interaction between languages, languages have an increasing affinity. It is manifested in lexical similarities, rules for using tense forms, sentence constructions, and modal means. Despite this, each language has its own grammatical features regarding tense forms, modal verbs, and constructions, complicating its study and translation. This study aims to analyze the rules of sentence construction using tenses, modal verbs, and constructions in Polish and English. Comparative-typological, inductive, and deductive methods were employed to achieve this goal. The analyzed rules and features of sentence formation were examined depending on the verb's tense-aspect-mood system, with specific details on the constructions of main and so-called auxiliary tenses formed by combining components of this system.