Translation of occasionalisms in media texts

Literary language is a complex phenomenon. It is in constant dynamics, showing, on the one hand, stability, which facilitates communication between members of the speech collective, and, on the other hand, variability, which ensures the redundant nature of the language system.

Occasionalisms are new lexical units that serve to express verbalized knowledge in the mind of a person, and this is another strong proof of the existence of close connections between phenomena, objects and language in reality. Studying the peculiarities of neologisms is quite important today, since the lexicon is constantly growing, new lexical items appear and existing ones are changed and simplified, which gives rise to more and more reasons for its linguistic study.

Given the fact that occasionalisms occupy almost all areas of life and the lexical structure of the English language is constantly being replenished with them, it is necessary to realize how to translate these words into Ukrainian. The most effective and quite common ways to translate English neologisms and occasionalisms into Ukrainian are transcription and transliteration, calquing, descriptive translation, direct translation, and approximate translation.

Occasionalisms are designed to perform certain functions in a work of fiction: nominative (nominative), identifying (indicating an object in a series of similar ones), differentiating (distinguishing an object from a series of similar ones), social (suggesting the interaction of two social objects), emotional (designed to evoke certain emotions in readers) and expressive (designed to enhance the effect on the reader).

The use of transcription and transliteration can be explained by the desire to comply with the author's requirements for the translation of some occasionalisms.

The use of other methods indicates the intention of translators to bring the translation closer to the target reader. Calculation, semi-calculation or the creation of semantic occasionalisms is also used in cases where a proper name, in addition to its nominative, identifying, differentiating functions, also performs an emotional or expressive function.

When translating occasionalisms, the translator focused on the target audience. In many cases of translation, elements of domestication of proper names can be traced. Most often, they are observed in proper names reproduced by common names and those where a shift in meaning is applied.